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What is Music? Characteristics of Music & How Music is Made Video & Lesson Transcript

Many cultures have strong traditions of solo performance , such as in Indian classical music, and in the Western art-music tradition. Other cultures, such as in Bali, include strong traditions of group performance. All cultures include a mixture of both, and performance may range from improvised solo playing to highly planned and organized performances such as the modern classical concert, religious processions, classical music festivals or music competitions. Chamber music, which is music for a small ensemble with only one or a few of each type of instrument, is often seen as more intimate than large symphonic works. Romantic composers grew in idiosyncrasy, and went further in the syncretism of exploring different art-forms in a musical context, , history , or nature itself. Romantic love or longing was a prevalent theme in many works composed during this period.

For electric instruments developed in the 20th century, such as electric guitar, electric bass and electric piano, the performer can also change the tone by adjusting equalizer controls, tone controls on the instrument, and by using electronic effects units such as distortion pedals. Music often plays a key role in social activities, religious rituals, rite of passage ceremonies, celebrations, and cultural activities. The music industry includes songwriters, performers, sound engineers, producers, tour organizers, distributors of instruments, accessories, and sheet music.

The earliest influential theory was proposed by Charles Darwin in 1871, who stated that music arose as form of sexual selection, perhaps via in mating calls. Darwin's original perspective has been heavily criticized for its inconsistencies with other sexual selection methods, though many scholars in the 21st century have developed and promoted the theory. Other theories include that music arose to assist in organizing labor, improving long-distance communication, benefiting communication with the divine, assisting in community cohesion or as a defence to scare of predators.

Music has been used for entertainment, ceremonies, rituals, religious purposes and for practical and artistic communication. Non-Western music has also been used for propaganda purposes, as was the case with Chinese opera during the Cultural Revolution. Romantic music (c. 1810 to 1900) from the 19th century had many elements in common with the Romantic styles in literature and painting of the era. Romanticism was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement was characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of all the past and nature. Romantic music expanded beyond the rigid styles and forms of the Classical era into more passionate, dramatic expressive pieces and songs. Romantic composers such as Wagner and Brahms attempted to increase emotional expression and power in their music to describe deeper truths or human feelings.

The origin of this philosophic shift is sometimes attributed to Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten in the 18th century, followed by Immanuel Kant. Through their writing, the ancient term 'aesthetics', meaning sensory perception, received its present-day connotation. In the 2000s, philosophers have tended to emphasize issues besides beauty and enjoyment. Zoomusicology is the study of the music of non-human animals, or the musical aspects of sounds produced by non-human animals. Amateur musicians can compose or perform music for their own pleasure and derive their income elsewhere.

Even two instrumentalists playing the same note on the same instrument may sound different due to different ways of playing the instrument (e.g., two string players might hold the bow differently). In some Musical contexts, a performance or composition may be to some extent improvised. For instance, in Hindustani classical music, the performer plays spontaneously while following a partially defined structure and using characteristic motifs. In modal jazz the performers may take turns leading and responding, while sharing a changing set of notes. In a free jazz context, there may be no structure whatsoever, with each performer acting at their discretion. Music may be deliberately composed to be unperformable, or agglomerated electronically from many performances.

The definition of music can be both technical and emotionally driven for human beings, meaning it is the vocal or instrumental sounds combined with harmony to convey an emotion or a specific expression for a human being. The power of music transforms societies through an auditory and or visceral experience. When music is shared through oratory and singing as a collective whole, there is a form of collective experience that emerges. Human beings are social animals and as such, the need to share, is essential for human life. Fifteen members of a choir were assessed after singing together and it was found that they had synchronized breathing and heart rates. Furthermore, the phenomena known as, collective effervescence, is explained further by Adam Grant.

The philosopher Plato suggests in The Republic that music has a direct effect on the soul. Therefore, he proposes that in the ideal regime music would be closely regulated by the state . In Ancient China, the philosopher Confucius believed that music and rituals or rites are interconnected and harmonious with nature; he stated that music was the harmonization of heaven and earth, while the order was brought by the rites order, making them extremely crucial functions in society. The piano was the centrepiece of social activity for middle-class urbanites in the 19th century .SADDLES RANCH